Introduction
Many organizations work with large amounts of data. Data are basic values or facts and are organized in a database. Many people think of data as synonymous with information; however, information actually consists of data that has been organized to help answers questions and to solve problems. An information system is defined as the software that helps organize and analyze data. So, the purpose of an information system is to turn raw data into useful information that can be used for decision making in an organization.
General Purpose Vs. Specialized Information Systems
There are some general types of information systems. For example, a database management system (DBMS) is a combination of software and data that makes it possible to organize and analyze data. DBMS software is typically not designed to work with a specific organization or a specific type of analysis. Rather, it is a general-purpose information system. Another example is an electronic spreadsheet. This is a tool for basic data analysis based on formulas that define relationships among the data. For example, you can use a spreadsheet to calculate averages for a set of values or to plot the trend of a value over time.
In contrast, there are a number of specialized information systems that have been specifically designed to support a particular process within an organization or to carry out very specific analysis tasks. For example, enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an information system used to integrate the management of all internal and external information across an entire organization. Another example is a geographic information system (GIS), which is used to manage and analyze all types of geographical data. Expert systems are another example of information systems. An experts system is designed to solve complex problems by following the reasoning of an expert.
Typical Components Of Information Systems
While information systems may differ in how they are used within an organization, they typically contain the following components:
1. Hardware. Computer-based information systems use computer hardware, such as processors, monitors, keyboard, and printers.
2. Software. These are the programs used to organize, process and analyze data.
3. Databases. Information systems work with data, organized into tables and files.
4. Network. Different elements need to be connected to each other, especially if many different people in an organization use the same information system.
5. Procedures. These describe how specific data are processed and analyzed in order to get the answers for which the information system is designed.
The first four components are part of the general information technology (IT) of an organization. The procedures are very specific to the information needed to answer a specific question.
Different Types
The many different types of information system can be divided into categories based on the where they are used in the hierarchy of an organization. This is illustrated in the figure below.
Many organizations work with large amounts of data. Data are basic values or facts and are organized in a database. Many people think of data as synonymous with information; however, information actually consists of data that has been organized to help answers questions and to solve problems. An information system is defined as the software that helps organize and analyze data. So, the purpose of an information system is to turn raw data into useful information that can be used for decision making in an organization.
General Purpose Vs. Specialized Information Systems
There are some general types of information systems. For example, a database management system (DBMS) is a combination of software and data that makes it possible to organize and analyze data. DBMS software is typically not designed to work with a specific organization or a specific type of analysis. Rather, it is a general-purpose information system. Another example is an electronic spreadsheet. This is a tool for basic data analysis based on formulas that define relationships among the data. For example, you can use a spreadsheet to calculate averages for a set of values or to plot the trend of a value over time.
In contrast, there are a number of specialized information systems that have been specifically designed to support a particular process within an organization or to carry out very specific analysis tasks. For example, enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an information system used to integrate the management of all internal and external information across an entire organization. Another example is a geographic information system (GIS), which is used to manage and analyze all types of geographical data. Expert systems are another example of information systems. An experts system is designed to solve complex problems by following the reasoning of an expert.
Typical Components Of Information Systems
While information systems may differ in how they are used within an organization, they typically contain the following components:
1. Hardware. Computer-based information systems use computer hardware, such as processors, monitors, keyboard, and printers.
2. Software. These are the programs used to organize, process and analyze data.
3. Databases. Information systems work with data, organized into tables and files.
4. Network. Different elements need to be connected to each other, especially if many different people in an organization use the same information system.
5. Procedures. These describe how specific data are processed and analyzed in order to get the answers for which the information system is designed.
The first four components are part of the general information technology (IT) of an organization. The procedures are very specific to the information needed to answer a specific question.
Different Types
The many different types of information system can be divided into categories based on the where they are used in the hierarchy of an organization. This is illustrated in the figure below.
![Picture](/uploads/4/2/2/5/42258647/1560096_orig.png)
in this post, we're going to specialized on the Workers level which more focused on Transaction Processing System.
Tesco Stores (Malaysia)
Background/ History
Tesco Stores (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd was incepted on 29 Nov 2001, as a strategic alliance with local conglomerate, Sime Darby Berhad of which the latter holds 30% of total shares. Malaysia was selected as the next market of entry because of its growing economy with political stability, market size & GDP and its ability to grow. The first Tesco store in Malaysia was officially opened in May 2002 in Puchong. The opening of Tesco changed the consumer demand as well as brought new standards in retailing. This spurred both big and small retailers to be efficient and competitive with the end result of benefiting Malaysian consumers. The second store in Malacca was opened in October 2002, followed by the opening of the Klang Bukit Tinggi store in December 2002, the Mutiara Damansara store in March 2003, Sg Petani store in December 2003, Penang store in November 2004, Ipoh in January and Shah Alam in July 2005. We have also launched Tesco Banting, Tesco Express Selayang, Ipoh & Kuantan in 2005.
Tesco offers Malaysians a complete one stop shopping for their needs - fresh food to groceries from household needs to apparel. Tesco carries a total of 86,000 lines of products including more than 1,300 Tesco branded items. Tesco was founded in 1924. Over the past 81 years, as the retailing market has changed, the company has grown and developed, responding to new opportunities and pioneering many innovations.
The brand name of Tesco first appeared on packets of tea in the 1920s. The first store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware in South East London By the early 1960s, Tesco had become a familiar name. As well as groceries, the stores sold fresh food, clothing and household goods. The business then prospered and grew. It evolved and changed over the years and is today Britain's leading food retailer.
A non-exhaustive list may include: RFID systems , CCTV surveillance; order-processing systems, scheduling systems, hand-held devices , Financials, HR software; communications technology to connect stores; e-commerce and e-business systems; supply chain systems, information systems (IS) used in Tesco to support their loyalty card. Located at each checkout is an ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE ( EPOS ) till. This EPOS till comprises a keyboard, a digital display, a scanner which reads bar codes, a set of scales, a printer, a credit / debit card reader and a till drawer. Each till also has its
own base to which all of the above is attached. It is the base unit which is connected by cables to the branch computer in the supermarket's system office. A branch computer sends the details of every individual sale to the main computer at the Head Office. Stores are also big users of email. The company also uses computers for staff recruitment. Potential applicants complete an
application form over the Internet which is vetted by Head Office.
As we wanted to specialized on Transferring Processing Process (TPS) then the definition of TPS itself is an informational scheme for t he collection, storage, retrieval and modification of transaction made by an organization. An example of a transaction processing system commonly used in business are the systems employed by major credit card companies found in almost every retail store and one of the company is TESCO.
As example, the process of TPS in Tesco which can be specialized as The system of Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS). It can clearly be seen when the customer made the transaction at payment counter. The system that have been use for Tesco is that they will scan the bar codes of the products by using the scanner and then it will show at the monitor of the cashier. Note that this is not only for the costumer to know how much the total price but also for the Head Office usage as it will determine how many stocks that have been sold and how much that need to be restock.
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached. Originally barcode systematically represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional. Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in two dimensions. Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are generally referred to as barcode as well. Barcode originally were scanned by specialoptical scanners called barcodes readers.
Barcodes became commercially successful when they were used to automate supermarket checkout systems, a task for which they have become almost universal. Their use has spread to many other tasks that are generically referred to as automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). The very first scanning of the now ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode was on a pack of Wrigley Company chewing gum in June 1974.
Besides TPS, Tesco also have upgrade their services on another level by providing the customer the delivery services that ordered online. This shows that they have move forward to electronic commerce and online business to make it easier to customer. This also shows that there are the process of online payment that must be made each time the customer using online platform when they shopping. Besides can to the brick and mortar kind of business, they also can enhance the profit of the company by providing this kind of services.
Tesco Stores (Malaysia)
Background/ History
Tesco Stores (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd was incepted on 29 Nov 2001, as a strategic alliance with local conglomerate, Sime Darby Berhad of which the latter holds 30% of total shares. Malaysia was selected as the next market of entry because of its growing economy with political stability, market size & GDP and its ability to grow. The first Tesco store in Malaysia was officially opened in May 2002 in Puchong. The opening of Tesco changed the consumer demand as well as brought new standards in retailing. This spurred both big and small retailers to be efficient and competitive with the end result of benefiting Malaysian consumers. The second store in Malacca was opened in October 2002, followed by the opening of the Klang Bukit Tinggi store in December 2002, the Mutiara Damansara store in March 2003, Sg Petani store in December 2003, Penang store in November 2004, Ipoh in January and Shah Alam in July 2005. We have also launched Tesco Banting, Tesco Express Selayang, Ipoh & Kuantan in 2005.
Tesco offers Malaysians a complete one stop shopping for their needs - fresh food to groceries from household needs to apparel. Tesco carries a total of 86,000 lines of products including more than 1,300 Tesco branded items. Tesco was founded in 1924. Over the past 81 years, as the retailing market has changed, the company has grown and developed, responding to new opportunities and pioneering many innovations.
The brand name of Tesco first appeared on packets of tea in the 1920s. The first store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware in South East London By the early 1960s, Tesco had become a familiar name. As well as groceries, the stores sold fresh food, clothing and household goods. The business then prospered and grew. It evolved and changed over the years and is today Britain's leading food retailer.
A non-exhaustive list may include: RFID systems , CCTV surveillance; order-processing systems, scheduling systems, hand-held devices , Financials, HR software; communications technology to connect stores; e-commerce and e-business systems; supply chain systems, information systems (IS) used in Tesco to support their loyalty card. Located at each checkout is an ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE ( EPOS ) till. This EPOS till comprises a keyboard, a digital display, a scanner which reads bar codes, a set of scales, a printer, a credit / debit card reader and a till drawer. Each till also has its
own base to which all of the above is attached. It is the base unit which is connected by cables to the branch computer in the supermarket's system office. A branch computer sends the details of every individual sale to the main computer at the Head Office. Stores are also big users of email. The company also uses computers for staff recruitment. Potential applicants complete an
application form over the Internet which is vetted by Head Office.
As we wanted to specialized on Transferring Processing Process (TPS) then the definition of TPS itself is an informational scheme for t he collection, storage, retrieval and modification of transaction made by an organization. An example of a transaction processing system commonly used in business are the systems employed by major credit card companies found in almost every retail store and one of the company is TESCO.
As example, the process of TPS in Tesco which can be specialized as The system of Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS). It can clearly be seen when the customer made the transaction at payment counter. The system that have been use for Tesco is that they will scan the bar codes of the products by using the scanner and then it will show at the monitor of the cashier. Note that this is not only for the costumer to know how much the total price but also for the Head Office usage as it will determine how many stocks that have been sold and how much that need to be restock.
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached. Originally barcode systematically represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional. Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in two dimensions. Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are generally referred to as barcode as well. Barcode originally were scanned by specialoptical scanners called barcodes readers.
Barcodes became commercially successful when they were used to automate supermarket checkout systems, a task for which they have become almost universal. Their use has spread to many other tasks that are generically referred to as automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). The very first scanning of the now ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode was on a pack of Wrigley Company chewing gum in June 1974.
Besides TPS, Tesco also have upgrade their services on another level by providing the customer the delivery services that ordered online. This shows that they have move forward to electronic commerce and online business to make it easier to customer. This also shows that there are the process of online payment that must be made each time the customer using online platform when they shopping. Besides can to the brick and mortar kind of business, they also can enhance the profit of the company by providing this kind of services.